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PUBLICATIONS ON CIGARETTE TOXICITY &
REGULATION
Health New Zealand’s submission dated October 2004 to the
Ministry of Health on the Review of the Smoke-free Environments
Regulations 1999. (30
pages) Updated Nov. 2005.
HealthNZtoMoH2004updated05.pdf
Scope for regulation
of cigarette smoke toxicity according to brand differences in toxicant
emissions
M Laugesen, J Fowles
This is the first published report comparing the
overall toxicity of cigarette brands across countries using risk
assessment and intensive machine smoking, and adjusting for smoke
nicotine and the mortality distribution between disease groupings. The
method provides a relative toxicity score as a rational basis for
regulating cigarette emissions across all brands sold. Holiday
Extra-mild’s overall estimated identifiable toxicant emission
levels would reduce 39%, and its cancer risk by 37%, if this cigarette
was required by regulation to have the same emissions as a certain
Canadian regular brand, Export A full flavor. Regulation to reduce brand
differences in emissions, without employing charcoal filters, would
reduce total cancer risk by 13% for Holiday Extra-mild,
based on measurable toxicants. Toxicity reduction from adding a charcoal
filter would be additional to this result.
www.nzma.org.nz/journal/118-1213/
Scope for regulation
of cigarette smoke toxicity: the case for including charcoal filters
M Laugesen, J Fowles
This is the first published report comparing what
charcoal filters can do in a cigarette company laboratory with what they
do in a commercial cigarette. Over the last 40 years cigarette company
scientists have reported that charcoal can reduce aldehydes and hydrogen
cyanide emissions in cigarette smoke by 75%-80%. In two Mild Seven
charcoal filter brand variants sold in New Zealand containing minimal
charcoal, no such reduction in these emissions was seen.
Reductions seen with the charcoal filters as reported
40 years ago, lowered a brand’s overall identifiable toxicity by
over 40%, mainly by reducing toxic gas effects on lungs, heart and blood
vessels. Whether overall total brand toxicity is reduced by this much is
unknown, as currently unidentified toxicants may not be susceptible to
removal by charcoal filters. Total cancer risk was reducible with
more certainty, by at least 5%, or 80 deaths a year. www.nzma.org.nz/journal/118-1213/
(Please note: as of Jan 06: the link
for ref 2 no longer worked.
CIGARETTE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY
2006 with Fowles J. Marlboro UltraSmooth - a
potentially reduced exposure cigarette? Tob. Control August 2006. In
press.
2005 with Fowles J.
Regulation of cigarette smoke toxicity. Editorial. NZMJ 15 April 2005: 118; (1213). http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/118-1213/1400/
2005 with Fowles J. Scope for regulation of cigarette smoke toxicity
according to brand differences in published toxicant emissions. NZMJ 15 April 2005; 118; (1213).
2005 with Fowles J. Scope for regulation of cigarette smoke toxicity:
the case for including charcoal filters. NZMJ 15 April 2005; 118: (1213).
2004 Laugesen M. Regulatory Review on tobacco products. Submission to
Ministry of Health, October, from Health New Zealand Ltd. 30 pp. Updated
Nov. 2005. HealthNZtoMoH2004updated05.pdf
2004 Laugesen M, Fraser T. A push to assist smokers or time for a Holiday?
Letter. NZ Med J 20 February.
2003 with Duncanson M, Fraser T, McClellan V, Linehan B, Shirley R.
Hand rolling cigarette papers as the reference point for regulating fire
safety. Tob. Control 12: 406-410.
1996 with Fellows SK, Symons RK. Composition of cigarette tobacco and
tobacco products. Report for the Ministry of Health, as part of a
contract for scientific services.
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